中国非金属矿工业面面观

　　资源地位 resource status

　　目前中国已成为非金属矿生产大国，非金属矿产品出口在国际市场上占有重要的地位。

　　在已探明储量的92种非金属矿产资源中，绝大部分都已被开采利用并形成批量生产。

　　石墨、石膏、石灰石、菱镁矿、膨润土和重晶石等矿种的储量居世界首位；滑石、萤石、硅石灰、石棉和芒硝等居第二位；珍珠岩、沸石、硼石等居第三位；另外，高岭土、铝土矿、天青石等储量居世界前列。

　　China is a big producer of nonmetallic minerals at present, playing an important role in nonmetallic minerals export in the international market.

　　Among the 92 kinds of nonmetallic minerals that have proven reserves, most of them have been developed and have a mass production.

　　The reserves of minerals such as graphite, gypsum, limestone, magnesite, bentonite and barite rank first in the world; talc, fluorite, wollastonite, asbestine ,mirabilite and others rank second; perlite, zeolite, boracite and others rank third; while kaolinite, bauxite, celestite and other minerals have a huge reserves as well.

　　政策支持 policy support

　　非金属矿行业发展规划已被列入国家级的编制中。

　　重要优势矿种开发的（萤石、石墨）《行业准入条件》在工信部组织下陆续出台。

　　愈来愈多的地方政府编制区域非金属矿开发利用规划，资源丰富的地区专门设立非金属矿工业园区，给予优惠政策扶持。

　　有非金属矿产业基础的地方政府积极探索非金属矿资源开发利用的新模式：集中资源开采与供应，提高资源利用率和产业工程化，产业系列化。

　　政府正逐步淘汰同质无序竞争的落后产能，积极培育规模企业。

　　nonmetallic industry development plan has been listed into national level project.

　　The standards for admittance to industry of important competitive minerals (fluorite, graphite) development have come out organized by MIIT.

　　More and more local governments have formulated nonmetallic mineral development plans, some regions of abundant resources set up the metallic industry cities specially and give favorable policy supports.

　　For the governments of places having a basis of nonmetallic industry, they try to find a new model of nonmetallic resources development, concentrate resource exploit and supply, promote resource utilization rate, engineer the industry and make the industry a systematic one.

　　The governments are now obsoleting the capacity falling behind in the similar disorder competition and developing the large-scale companies.

　　进出口 imports and exports

　　中国部分主要非金属矿产品1~6月份出口量、出口价格均出现不同程度的下滑，尤其是石墨、萤石、滑石、镁砂、高岭土出现大幅下降。萤石出口量同比减少20.26%，出口价格同比下降10.14% ；石墨出口量同比减少13.36%，价格同比下降4.45%；滑石出口量同比下降8.9%，价格同比下降3.2%；高岭土出口量同比减少29.74%，但出口均价增加31%。

　　2015年1月~6月，中国非金属矿进口量与去年同期相比基本持平，但球化石墨、鳞片石墨、超细滑石粉的进口价格是出口价格的2~3倍。中国非金属矿产品高进低出现象仍然存在，精细加工产品跟国外产品还有一定的差距。

　　The exports volume and price of part of nonmetallic minerals of China glide in different degrees in first half year, especially which of graphite, fluorbaryt, talc, magnesia, kaolin dropped considerably. The export volume of fluorbaryt decreases 20.26% and price decreases 10.14% compared to the same period, the export volume of graphite decreases 13.36% and price decreases 4.45%compared to the same period. The export volume of talc decreases 8.9% and price decreases 3.2% compared to the same period. The export volume of kaolin decreases 29.74% but price increases 31% compared to the same period.

　　In the first six months of 2015, the nonmetallic minerals import volume of China is basically flat compared to the same period, nevertheless the import price of nodular graphite, crystalline flake graphite, super fine talc powder is 2~3times of export price. The phenomenon of China nonmetallic minerals product import in high price but export in high price still exists, there is a certain gap between China nonmetallic minerals fine machining product and foreign product.

　　经济运行 Economical operation

　　近几年，我国非金属矿山（采选）产值略有增加，但利润下滑明显，利润从2011年的14.37%下降到2014年的10.14% 。

　　In recent years, the profit of non-metallic mineral mines in China has dropped significantly, although the output value has slightly increased. The profit decreased from 14.37% at 2011 to 10.14% at 2014.

　　绿色矿山 Green mine

　　截至目前，中国已有59家建材非金属矿行业矿山成为全国绿色矿山建设试点单位。其中，第一批3家，第二批12家，第三批18家，第四批26家，涉及到石灰石、高岭土、萤石、滑石、石膏、方解石、石墨等13种非金属矿产。行业绿色矿山建设工作发展不平衡，主要表现在两方面：一是涵盖的矿产种类少，仅局限石灰岩、萤石等矿种，如膨润土矿、硅质原料矿等非金属矿种尚未有企业申报。二是中小企业申报的比例太少。

　　Up to now, 59 building materials and non-metallic mines have been awarded the title of "Green Mine", with 3 in the first batch, 12 in the second batch, 18 in the third batch and 26 in the fourth batch. These mines manufacture products related to 13 non-metallic minerals such as limestone, kaoline, fluorite, talc, gypsum, calcite, and graphite. However, the development of the green mines are unbalanced. It's mainly reflected in two aspects, one is that the industry is restrict to limited minerals resources without some important ores such as bentonite and siliceous-rock raw material, and the other one is the shortage of medium-small companies.

　　市场需求 market demand

　　中国钢铁、建筑、建材、化工、耐火材料、轻工等传统工业不景气，需求不旺，对非金属矿产品（原辅材料）需求减少，产品价格出现大幅下滑。电子信息、新材料、新能源、环境保护等新兴市场较为活跃，对非金属矿产品需求呈增长趋势，但大规模使用需要一个发展过程。

　　2015年上半年，非金属矿产品在不同应用领域市场需求有增有减，矿产品产销量、利润率总体呈现下降趋势。部分传统工业原辅材料产品需求量与价格下滑，企业税费较重、生产成本与用工成本日益增加，企业之间的同质化产品竞争加剧。

　　The traditional iron, construction, building material, chemical, refractory and light industries are undergoing depression, with a low demand. The demand and price of nonmetallic product has dropped greatly .

　　The market demand of nonmetallic minerals of different application filed grows more and more in first half year of 2015,at the same time, the mineral production and marketing volume, profit rate overall downword trend. The product demand and price of some traditional industry raw and auxiliary material decrease, taxes on enterprise go high, cost of production and labor increase daily, the homogeneous product competition between enterprises intensifies, emerging area still needs a developing process.

　　整体水平 total level

　　2015年上半年，采矿业固定资产投资5261亿元，同比减少-7.71%，其中非金属矿制品业926亿元，同比增加5.4%。

　　全国规模以上工业增加值(按可比价格计算)同比增加6.3%，其中非金属矿物制品业同比增加6.4% 。

　　2015年上半年，采矿业实现利润总额1396.1亿元，同比下降58.8%；煤炭开采和洗选业下降67%，石油和天然气开采业下降68.4%，非金属矿物制品业下降6.7%，黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业下降22.4%。

　　The investment in fixed assets of mining industry in the first 6 months in 2015 is 52.61 billion RMB, decrease by 7.71% comparing to the same period, the investment of nonmetallic industry is 9.26 billion RMB, increased by 5.4% comparing to the same period.

　　The industrial added value above national scale has increased by 6.3%, while the nonmetallic industry has increased by 6.4%.

　　The total profit of mining industry in first half year of 2015 is 13.961 billion RMB, decreased by 58.8% comparing to the same period; coal mining and processing industry has decreased by 67%, petroleum and natural gas exploiting industry has decreased by 68.4%, nonmetallic industry has decreased by 6.7% and the melting and rolling processing industry of base metals has decreased by 22.4%.

　　行业问题 Industry issues

　　目前，非金属矿工业矿产资源开发与保护统筹不足，资源浪费和破坏现象依然严重，部分关键矿种过度无序开采；企业“小而散”，产业集中度低，规模效应差；企业整体技术水平低，深加工及应用技术较弱；行业管理体系不健全，运行监测亟待加强；部分地方政府为了政绩而欠科学、全面地指导企业，项目不符合实际。

　　Recently, non-metallic mineral mines in China are facing many serious industry issues, such as the unbalance between the non-metallic mineral resources exploitation and protection; severe waste and destruction of the resources; over-mining of key ores; small and dispersive companies which result in low degree of industrial concentration and profits; low level of technology, especially for further processing; weak management and operational monitoring; local governments seek for high GDP rather than guide the operation of the mining companies scientifically and systematically which results in many useless and impractical programs.

　　准入标准 Admittance criterion

　　石墨：新建和改扩建鳞片石墨选矿项目，设计规模不低于2万吨/年，单线规模不低于5000吨/年。新建和改扩建微晶石墨选矿项目设计规模不低于15万吨/年，单线规模不低于3万吨/年，选矿回收率不低于85%。新建和改扩建高纯石墨项目，采用节能环保的先进工艺路线，规模不低于5000吨/年，成品率不低于85%。新建和改扩建可膨胀石墨项目，采用电解氧化工艺或强酸浸渍工艺路线，规模不低于5000吨/年，成品率不低于95%。新建和改扩建柔性石墨项目，采用连续膨胀、压延成型工艺和设备，设备幅宽不低于1000毫米，规模不低于1000吨/年，成品率不低于90%。

　　萤石：新建萤石矿山开采设计应根据资源状况、赋存条件以及开发利用方案等选择安全、高效、适用的采矿方法和装备。萤石选矿单条生产线日处理矿石能力应大于等于100吨（每年按300天计算）。矿山开采规模在3万吨/年以上的企业，要求有相应配套的选厂。萤石采选企业地下开采回采率应达到75%以上，露天开采回采率应达到90%以上。选矿回收率应达到80%以上（伴生矿、尾矿利用除外）。

　　高铝粘土：高铝粘土选矿企业单条生产线原矿年处理能力应大于5万吨。选矿回收率要求达到80%以上。高铝粘土熟料加工企业年生产能力不得小于5万吨。其中，回转窑单线年生产能力要求达到3万吨，隧道窑要求达到2万吨，梭式窑、竖窑要求达到1万吨。高铝粘土采矿企业露天采矿回采率要求达到80%以上，地下采矿回采率要求达到70%以上。

　　Graphite: The lowest limited for new and rebuilt programs of concentration of graphite is 20,000 tons per year, and the single product line should be not less than 5000 tons/yr, while that for microcrystalline graphite is 150,000 and 30,000 tons/yr with rate of recovery of >85%. The capacity of new and rebuilt programs of concentration of pure graphite should be higher than 5000 tons/yr with rate of final products higher than 85%. The annual capacity of new and rebuilt programs of concentration of expanded graphite should be higher than 5000 tons with rate of final products larger than 95% using electrolytic oxidation or acid impregnation processes. The annual capacity of new and rebuilt programs of concentration of flexible graphite should be higher than 1000 tons with rate of final products larger than 90% and width of equipment wider than 1000 mm using continuous expansion and molding technology.

　　Fluorite: Newly built mines should design safe, high-performance, and suitable mining methods and equipment based on their mining scheme, proven resources, and occurrence condition of ores. The daily capacity of fluorite should be higher than 100 tons assuming 300 working days per year. Mineral processing plant is required for mines with annual capacity of 30,000 tons or more. The rate of recovery for underground and opencast mining should be higher than 75% and 90% respectively. 80% is set up for lower limit of recovery rate for the concentration (associated ores and tailings gangue excluded).

　　High-alumina clay: Annual capacity of single product line of the companies related to concentration of high-alumina clay should be larger than 50,000 tons with lower limit of recovery rate of 80%. Annual capacity of high-alumina clay grog chamotte should not be less than 50,000 tons including lower capacity of single product line of 30,000 tons for rotary kiln, 20,000 tons for tunnel kiln, and 10,000 tons for shuttle and up-draft kilns. The rates of recovery for underground and opencast mining should be higher than 70% and 80%, respectively.